Hyperloop transit system

CoyoteKG:


Pa mozda su ideju nasli na EMZ :), pa izguglali malo vise i nasli detaljno na BBC

Nemanja: Kod ovakvih projekata nije ni konacan cilj realizacija, vec da se procuju po tome, posle toga dobijaju ozbiljne poslove koje realizuju , a ovo stoji , pa ako se neko upeca, upecao se.

Wajda.W: Ima li ko ideju kako bi ceo sistem bio povezan u neku "zeleznicu" da se tako izrazim. Ovo sto je predstavljeno mi deluje kao monorail, kako bi se realizovalo ovo sa vise koloseka, kontam da je izvodljivo da cela mreza tih cevi bude pod vakumom. Ali kako bi to cudo skretalo?
Kako uopste skrecu danasnji maglev vozovi?

mr. ako:Mislio sam na to da nema krila, ne na izgled ili poziciju samog motora... mada se i po tome razlikuje jer je u pitanju elektricna turbina, za razliku od avionskih varijanti.

mr.ako: Akceleratori jesu na pocetnim stanicama, ali da li si zaista mislio da je to dovoljno za 300 milja dugacak put?!
Pa koliku bi brzinu trebalo da ima na pocetku, da bi sa otporom vazduha stigao do cilja na tolikoj razdaljini...?? XD Odnosno, gresis, nije u pitanju takav princip, vec se bazira na externom indukcionom motoru, odnosno linernom el. motoru koji ce biti postavljeni sa spoljne strane tube citavom trasom u odredjenim razmacima i koji ce dodavati/odrzavati brzinu periodicnim boostovima.

Druga stvar, zar si stvarno mislio da o tome nisu razmisljali...?

Paunic91:
Ja sam ipak za dobri stari Konkord, ili neki hibrid između Konkorda i Spejs Šatla :)

mmix:

Bilo koja povrsina koja ima karakteristiku da strujanje vazduha preko iste porizvodi silu na dole/gore je tehnicki "krilo". Tako da je donja povrsina ovog poda u stvari "krilo". Taj "air bearing" koji pominje je balans izmedju sile uzgona sa jedne strane i gravitacione sile sa druge.



Vrlo je moguce da nisu razmisljali o tome. Nije im u mindsetu sto bi rekli, oni su inznjeri za kola (koja u slucaju kvara mozes da slepujes) ili raketa na kojima nema kvarova jer ako se nesto pokvari nema sta da se slepa :) Nisu navikli na razmisljanje o tome da nesto moze da se zaglavi u cevki :)

mmix:
Ja znam da princip nije samo sa dva akceleratora na krajevima, ali su to glavni DUGACKI akceleratori koji ubrzavaju pod od nula do putujuce brzine (brzine na kojoj turbina moze da gurne dovoljno low-pressure vazduha ispod poda da isti odlepi od zemlje). Takvi akceleratori nece postojati duzinom cevi jer nisu isplativi. Po njegovim sopstvenim recima bice kratki "dopunjivaci" brzine na svakih 70 milja:

"That then begs the next question of whether a battery can store enough energy to power a fan for the length of the journey with room to spare. Based on our calculations, this is no problem, so long as the energy used to accelerate the
pod is not drawn from the battery pack.
This is where the external linear electric motor comes in, which is simply a round induction motor (like the one in the Tesla Model S) rolled flat. This would accelerate the pod to high subsonic velocity and provide a periodic reboost roughly every 70 miles. The linear electric motor is needed for as little as ~1% of the tube length, so is not particularly costly."

mr. ako: Odnosno, gresis, nije u pitanju takav princip, vec se bazira na externom indukcionom motoru, odnosno linernom el. motoru koji ce biti postavljeni sa spoljne strane tube citavom trasom u odredjenim razmacima i koji ce dodavati/odrzavati brzinu periodicnim boostovima.

mmix:
Sto znaci da
- ti medju akceleratori nece biti dovoljno dugacki da obezbede ubrzanje na efikasnu brzinu na kojoj bi turbina u podu mogla da "sakupi" dovoljno vazduha da generise uzgon i podigne pod. Sto znaci da ce pod morati da se nekako doslepa do najblizeg izlaza iz cevke.
- sve i da jeste dovoljne duzine, ako pod crkne odmah iza akceleratora, bice neophodno dovesti ga 70 milja (ili 35 milja ako bude moguce pokretanje podova unazad i ako crkne na pola puta) do sledeceg akceleratora. To pomeranje ce morati da se odradi konvencionalnim metodama (tockovi i elektro pogon?).
- sta ako glavni ili pomocni akceleratori crknu?

Mislim da ce ovaj dizajn vrlo brzo biti revidiran.

mmix:
A posto je glavni akcelerator samo na pocetnim i krajnjim stnicama, to znaci da je "rasciscavanje" cevi i uspostavljanje normalnog saobracaja veoma dugotrajan proces.

The capsules are supported via air bearings that operate using a compressed air reservoir and aerodynamic lift.

A nozzle at the tail expands the flow generating thrust to mitigate some of the small amounts of aerodynamic and bearing drag.

This air is stored in onboard composite overwrap pressure vessels.
The stored air is eventually consumed by the air bearings to maintain distance between the capsule and tube walls.

An estimated 3,400 lb (1,500 kg) of batteries provides 45 minutes of onboard compressor power, which is more than sufficient for the travel time with added reserve backup power. Onboard batteries are changed at each stop and charged at the stations.

The capsule may also include traditional deployable wheels similar to aircraft landing gear for ease of movement at speeds under 100 mph (160 kph) and as a component of the overall safety system.

The aerodynamic method of generating pressure under the air bearings becomes appreciable at moderate to high capsule speeds. As the capsule accelerates up to cruising speed, the front tip of each ski is elevated relative to the back tip such that the ski rests at a slight angle of 0.05?. Viscous forces trap a thin film of air in the converging gap between the ski and the tube wall. The air beneath the ski becomes pressurized which alters the flow field to satisfy fundamental laws of mass, momentum, and energy conservation. The resultant elevated pressure beneath the ski relative to the ambient atmosphere provides a net lifting force that is sufficient to support a portion of the capsule’s weight.

Lift is supplemented by injecting highly pressurized air into the gap. By applying an externally supplied pressure, a favorable pressure distribution is established beneath the bearing and sufficient lift is generated to support the capsule. This system is known as an external pressure (EP) bearing and it is effective when the capsule is stationary or moving at very high speeds.

The air is introduced via a network of grooves in the bearing’s bottom surface and is sourced directly from the high pressure air reservoir onboard the capsule.

In addition, safety emergency exits and pressurization ports will be added in key locations along the length of the tube.

The expected cost for the tube is expected to be less than $650 million USD, including pre-fabricated tube sections with stringer reinforcements and emergency exits.

mmix:
Vrlo je moguce da nisu razmisljali o tome. Nije im u mindsetu sto bi rekli, oni su inznjeri za kola (koja u slucaju kvara mozes da slepujes) ili raketa na kojima nema kvarova jer ako se nesto pokvari nema sta da se slepa :) Nisu navikli na razmisljanje o tome da nesto moze da se zaglavi u cevki :)

Safety and Reliability

The design of Hyperloop has been considered from the start with safety in
mind. Unlike other modes of transport, Hyperloop is a single system that
incorporates the vehicle, propulsion system, energy management, timing, and
route. Capsules travel in a carefully controlled and maintained tube
environment. The system is immune to wind, ice, fog, and rain. The
propulsion system is integrated into the tube and can only accelerate the
capsule to speeds that are safe in each section. With human control error and
unpredictable weather removed from the system, very few safety concerns
remain.
Some of the safety scenarios below are unique to the proposed system, but all
should be considered relative to other forms of transportation. In many cases
Hyperloop is intrinsically safer than airplanes, trains, or automobiles.

Onboard PassengerEmergency
All capsules would have direct radio contact with station operators in case of
emergencies, allowing passengers to report any incident, to request help and
to receive assistance. In addition, all capsules would be fitted with first aid
equipment.
The Hyperloop allows people to travel from San Francisco to LA in 30 minutes.
Therefore in case of emergency, it is likely that the best course of action would
be for the capsule to communicate the situation to the station operator and for
the capsule to finish the journey in a few minutes where emergency services
would be waiting to assist.
Typical times between an emergency and access to a physician should be
shorter than if an incident happened during airplane takeoff. In the case of the
airplane, the route would need to be adjusted, other planes rerouted, runways
cleared, airplane landed, taxi to a gate, and doors opened. An emergency in a
Hyperloop capsule simply requires the system to complete the planned journey
and meet emergency personnel at the destination.

Power Outage
The vast majority of the Hyperloop travel distance is spent coasting and so the
capsule does not require continuous power to travel. The capsule life support
systems will be powered by two or more redundant lithium ion battery pack
and so would be unaffected by a power outage. In the event of a power outage
occurring after a capsule had been launched, all linear accelerators would be
equipped with enough energy storage to bring all capsules currently in the
Hyperloop tube safely to a stop at their destination. In addition, linear
accelerators using the same storage would complete the acceleration of all
capsules currently in the tube. For additional redundancy, all Hyperloop
capsules would be fitted with a mechanical braking system to bring capsules
safely to a stop.
In summary, all journeys would be completed as expected from the passenger’s
perspective. Normal travel schedules would be resumed after power was
restored.

Capsule Depressurization
Hyperloop capsules will be designed to the highest safety standards and
manufactured with extensive quality checks to ensure their integrity. In the
event of a minor leak, the onboard environmental control system would
maintain capsule pressure using the reserve air carried onboard for the short
period of time it will take to reach the destination. In the case of a more
significant depressurization, oxygen masks would be deployed as in airplanes.
Once the capsule reached the destination safely it would be removed from
service. Safety of the onboard air supply in Hyperloop would be very similar to
aircraft, and can take advantage of decades of development in similar systems.
In the unlikely event of a large scale capsule depressurization, other capsules
in the tube would automatically begin emergency braking whilst the Hyperloop
tube would undergo rapid re-pressurization along its entire length.

Capsule Stranded in Tube
A capsule becoming stranded in the Hyperloop tube is highly unlikely as the
capsule coasts the majority of the distance at high speed and so there is no
propulsion required for more than 90% of the journey.
If a capsule were somehow to become stranded, capsules ahead would
continue their journeys to the destination unaffected. Capsules behind the
stranded one would be automatically instructed to deploy their emergency
mechanical braking systems. Once all capsules behind the stranded capsule had
been safely brought to rest, capsules would drive themselves to safety using
small onboard electric motors to power deployed wheels.
All capsules would be equipped with a reserve air supply great enough to
ensure the safety of all passengers for a worst case scenario event.

Structural Integrity of the Tube in Jeopardy
A minor depressurization of the tube is unlikely to affect Hyperloop capsules or
passengers and would likely be overcome by increased vacuum pump power.
Any minor tube leaks could then be repaired during standard maintenance.
In the event of a large scale leak, pressure sensors located along the tube
would automatically communicate with all capsules to deploy their emergency
mechanical braking systems.

Earthquakes
California is no stranger to earthquakes and transport systems and all built with
earthquakes in mind. Hyperloop would be no different with the entire tube
length built with the necessary flexibility to withstand the earthquake motions
while maintaining the Hyperloop tube alignment.
It is also likely that in the event of a severe earthquake, Hyperloop capsules
would be commanded remotely to actuate their mechanical emergency braking
systems.

Human Related Incidents
Hyperloop would feature the same high level of security used at airports.
However, the regular departure of Hyperloop capsules would result in a
steadier and faster flow of passengers through security screening compared to
airports. Tubes located on pylons would limit access to the critical elements of
the system. Multiple redundant power sources and vacuum pumps would limit
the impact of any single element.

Reliability
The Hyperloop system comprising all infrastructure, mechanical, electrical, and
software components will be designed so that it is reliable, durable, and fault
tolerant over its service life (100 years), while maintaining safety levels that
match or exceed the safety standard of commercial air transportation.